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zechs;and now needs a dam to prove itself。(但斯洛伐克正在要求脱离捷克而独立,现在他们需要建一个大坝来证明自己的实力。)
4。 The Aswan Dam;for example;stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left—all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity。
【译文】 以阿斯旺大坝为例,它阻止了尼罗河洪水泛滥,但也使埃及失去了洪水冲击过后留下的肥沃的淤泥,换回来的是这么一个巨大的病态水库。现在这个水库积满了淤泥,几乎不能发电了。
【析句】 句子的主语是The Aswan Dam,谓语有两个(stopped和deprived)。破折号后面的成分作全句的状语,其中all应该理解为“所有这一切”,即指阻止尼罗河泛滥并使埃及失去肥沃的淤泥。许多人把a giant reservoir of disease译成“疾病滋生的水库”,这是不对的,实际上是指大坝淤泥太多,因而可以译成“病态的水库”。
【讲词】 deprive意为“剥夺;使丧失”。The court ruling deprived us of any share in the inheritance。(法庭裁决剥夺了我们全部的继承权。)They were deprived of a normal childhood by the war。(由于战争,他们失去了一个正常的童年时代。)
in return of意为“换取……”。I really do not know what to do in return of your kindness。(对于你的善意,我真的不知道何以回报。)
5。 This week;in the heart of civilized Europe;Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube。
【译文】 本周,在文明欧洲的腹地,为了多瑙河上一处水坝所引起的争端,斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人差点动用军队。
【析句】 句子的结构比较简单,但是句中的词组(stopped just short of)可能会影响理解。另外,有些同学可能不大清楚contention和the Danube的含义。
【讲词】 short of意为“缺乏;达不到;除……以外;差一点”。We're short of money。(我们现在资金不足。)Nothing short of her best effort was required to make the team。(要组成一个队她必须全力以赴。)Short of yelling at him;I had no other way to catch his attention。(除了大声向他喊叫,我真想不出还有什么办法能引起他的注意。)She stopped short of throwing out the old photo。(她差点要把旧照片扔掉了。)
contention“争夺,竞争”。The rebellion against the Qin dynasty is the direct cause of the ChuHan Contention。(反抗秦朝的斗争是楚汉相争的直接原因。)
6。 Proper; scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts。
【译文】 对于水坝的影响作用、水坝控制水流的成本和收益,应该进行恰当而科学的研究,这样才有助于解决这些矛盾。
【析句】 句子的主干是study… can help to resolve conflicts。主语的修饰成分较长,注意study包括两个方面的内容,一是the impacts of dams,一是the cost and benefits of controlling water。
【讲词】 impact意为“碰撞,撞击;影响”,作名词时较多表示“影响”。This books illustrates the impact of modern science upon society as a whole。(这本书阐述现代科学对整个社会的影响。)The impact on the rate of inflation will be felt in 2005。(人们将在2005年感受到通货膨胀的影响。)
resolve作动词时意为“解决;决定;溶解;变成”,作名词时表示“决心”。The circumstances resolved him to take the case to the Supreme Court。(在这种情况下,他决定把官司打到最高法院)。The discussion resolved itself into an argument。(讨论到后来变成了争论。)He made a resolve to launch a reform in the firm。(他决定在公司推进改革。)
正文1998 Passage 2
1998 Passage 2
7。 What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real。
【译文】 商人们自认为他们领导了这场生产力革命,究竟是否确有其事则更加难以确定。
【析句】 句子的主语和表语都是独立的从句,主语是what引导的名词性从句,表语是whether引导的表语从句。在表语从句中,主干是the productivity revolution is for real,后面跟了一个that引导的定语从句,而在这个定语从句中,宾语也是一个从句(that businessmen assume they are presiding over)。
【讲词】 preside意为“主持”。The special workshop was presided over by a famous scientist。(那次专题研讨会是由一位著名的科学家主持的。) The manager presides over the business of this store。(经理管理这家店的业务。)注意preside常与over连用。
revolution本意是“旋转”,通常表示“革命”,引义表示“革命性的或重大的变化”。Air travel has caused a revolution in our way of living。(空中旅行使我们的生活方式完全变了。)The new engine has a 4。3L capacity and a power output of 153 kilowatts at 4;400 revolutions per minute。 (这台新发动机的排量为4。3升,转速为每分钟4400转,输出功率是153千瓦。)
8。 The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle;and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend。
【译文】 问题在于,近期生产力快速增长的部分原因是经济周期的正常反弹,并不足以说明潜在的趋势已经预示经济复苏。
【析句】 句子的表语较长,作为表语的从句由两个分句组成,但是主语都是part of the recent acceleration。必须清楚is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend的主语是part of the recent acceleration。
【讲词】 acceleration意为“加速”,在句中是“经济加速”的意思。This bus has good acceleration。(这辆公共汽车的加速性能很好。)
revival意为“复兴;复苏”,在句中是“经济复苏”的意思。
conclusive意为“确实的;最后的;决定性的”。conclusive evidence(确凿的证据)。
9。 New ways of organizing the workplace—all that reengineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy; which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery; new technology; and investment in education and training。
【译文】 企业重组的新方法——所有那些重新设计和缩小规模的做法——只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献,而这种经济的发展还受到许多其他因素的驱使,如设备、机械上的联合投资,新技术,以及教育和培训上的投资。
【析句】 句子的主干是New ways of organizing the workplace… are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy。破折号中间的成分是插入语,是主语New ways of organizing the workplace的同位语。the overall productivity of an economy后面跟了一个which引导的定语从句,其中such as joint investment in equipment and machinery…and training是宾语many other factors的同位语。
【讲词】 contribute意为“贡献;起作用;出力”。Drinking contributed to his ruin。(酗酒促使他毁灭。)She seldom contributes to the discussion。(她在讨论中很少发言。)注意contribute后面通常跟介词to。
10。 His colleague; Michael Beer; says that far too many panies have applied re…engineering in a mechanistic fashion; chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long…term profitability。
【译文】 他的同事迈克·比尔说,太多的公司已用机械的方式进行重组,在没有充分考虑到长期赢利能力的情况下降低了成本。
【析句】 句子的主干(His colleague;Michael Beer;says)比较明了,宾语是that引导的宾语从句。从句包含两个状语成分,一是in a mechanistic fashion表示方式,一是现在分词短语chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long…term profitability表示伴随,都是说明谓语applied的。
【讲词】 apply意为“申请;应用”,在句中“运用”的意思。The purpose of the guidelines applied in the program is to improve the efficiency of the pany。(在该计划中实施这些方针的目的是为了提高公司的效率。)It is more important to apply what we have learned into practice。(把我们所学的知识应用于实践更为重要。)
正文1998 Passage 3
1998 Passage 3
11。 Think of Galileo's 17thcentury trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake's harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton。
【译文】 想想看,17世纪伽利略因其叛逆性的信仰而遭到天主教会的审判,诗人威廉·布莱克对艾萨克·牛顿的机械世界观提出尖锐的批判。
【析句】 这是一个类似祈使句的无主语句,句子的主干其实是Think of Galileo's 17thcentury trial… or Blake's harsh remarks。由于宾语较长,在译成汉语时,应该调整句子的结构,以免句子的结构显得不平衡。
【讲词】 remark意为“评论;言论”,但是如果remark(s)后面接介词against,那么通常表示“批评”。像word(s),statement,ment等都是如此。He denied that he had made any remar