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5425-考研英语难句突破300句-第24章

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琖hen the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War是时间状语从句。    
      【讲词】 glowing意为“炽热的;容光焕发的;生气勃勃的”,因此a glowing period可以译为“辉煌时期”,或“一个生机勃勃的时代”。a glowing description(生动的描述),glowing colours(光彩夺目的颜色),a glowing example(光辉的榜样)。    
      unparalleled意为“无比的;无双的;空前的”。an unparalleled victory(空前的胜利),unparalleled in history(史无前例的)。    
      3。 America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed。    
      【译文】 美国及其国民的富裕是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧亚诸国做梦也无法达到的。    
      【析句】 句子的主干结构是America and Americans were prosperous,beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians作全句的状语。whose economies the war had destroyed作定语从句修饰the Europeans and Asians。    
      【讲词】 beyond表示“在……之外”。His house is just beyond the fence。(他的家就在篱笆那边。)Understanding this article is beyond my capacity。(我看不懂这篇文章。)Its quite beyond me why she married such a heavy smoker。(我实在无法理解为什么她会嫁给这样一个烟鬼。)The fruit is beyond my reach。(那个果子我够不着。)    
      4。 For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors; which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new puter age; was going to be the next casualty。    
      【译文】 曾有一段时间,似乎半导体制造业是另一个将要覆没的产业,要知道半导体正是美国人所发明,它在计算机新时代起着核心作用。    
      【析句】 全句主句部分的主谓结构是it looked…,as though(即as if好像)引导的从句是looked(看上去)的表语。表语从句中主语为the making of semiconductors,谓语为was going to be,而逗号之间的两个which从句是the making of semiconductors的非限定性定语,同时又是插入语。    
      【讲词】 the making of semiconductors应该译成“半导体制造业”,而不是“半导体制造”,否则句子就令人费解了。    
      casualty原意是“伤亡”,例如:The number of casualties in the traffic accident is still unknown。(车祸的死亡人数还不清楚。)本文中指“被国外产品击败的美国本土产业”,考虑到汉语的表达习惯,casualty在句中译成“覆没的产业”比较合适。


正文2000 Passage 2

      2000 Passage 2    
      5。 The grand mediocrity of today — everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring — means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in uppermiddleclass India pared to the tribes。    
      【译文】 今天这种极其显著的平均化——每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同——意味着,与部落相比较,自然选择在印度中上阶层已经失去了80%的效力。    
      【析句】 该句的主语是The grand mediocrity,谓语是means,其后跟着that引导的宾语从句,其中pared to the tribes是过去分词结构作状语,完整的说法是if/when it (the natural selection) is pared to the tribes。破折号中间的成分(everyone… of offspring)是插入语,其中survival和number of offspring都是介词in的宾语。    
      【讲词】 mediocrity意为“平常,平庸”或指“平常的人,平庸的人”。其形容词是 mediocre(平庸,平凡,普通)。When something is distinctly not as good as it could be; it is mediocre。(要是某个东西没有明显的好坏之处,那肯定是一个平庸的东西。)结合插入语(破折号里的词语),可以确定the grand mediocrity of today是指每个人的生存机会和后代的数量相同,因此这个词组可以译为“今天这种很普遍的平均化”。    
      offspring有子女的意思,但在这里建议译成“后代”,因为显然难以确定只是指一代人。    
      6。 Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship;as at something wholly beyond his prehension。”    
      【译文】 达尔文有一句话描述那些对进化一无所知的人:他们“看待有机的生命如同野人看着一艘大船,以为是某个完全不能理解的东西”。    
      【析句】 Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution是主句,冒号后的句子是主句中a phrase的同位语。该同位语从句中的结构是A does something as B does something。注意句尾的his指代前面的a savage。beyond his prehension意思是说超出了他的理解范围。    
      【讲词】 ignorant意为“无知的,愚昧的”。例如:an ignorant mistake(愚昧的错误)。如果表示对什么无知,需用固定搭配to be ignorant of。Some people in the West are ignorant of what China is now。(西方有些人对中国的现状视而不见。)    
      beyond通常作介词,表示“在……以外”。The villagers asked for nothing beyond peace and quiet。(那些村民除了平安和平静外一无所求。)注意beyond可以作名词。 Sputnik is the first satellite to enter the great beyond of space。(苏联人造地球卫星是进入未知空间的第一颗人造卫星。)    
    


正文2000 Passage 3

      2000 Passage 3    
      7。 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion; it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at; for; however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today; it is possible that in years to e they may be regarded as normal。    
      【译文】 当一场新的艺术运动形成某种时尚时,理应弄清其倡导者的目标所在,因为无论他们的准则在今天看来是多么牵强附会、不可思议,将来都有可能被视为正常的。    
      【析句】 该句是一个因果关系的并列句,主句和从句都是复合句。主句(When… it is advisable… aiming at)表示结果,从句(for… as normal)表示原因。    
      【讲词】 attain原意为“达到,获得”。When Christians first attained to power in Rome; they took part in wars both defensive and aggressive。(当基督教徒首次在罗马取得权力之后,他们参与了进攻与防御战争。)Schubert never attained the recognition that he deserved during his lifetime。(舒伯特生前从没有获得他应有的认可。)句中attains a certain fashion意为gains recognition as a certain fashion,即获得认可而成为某种时尚。    
      farfetched意为“牵强附会的,不可能的”。Looking at some of the criticisms we’ve gotten so far;I dont think this is farfetched。(看看我们征集到的某些批评意见,我认为这一条意见并不牵强附会。)    
      8。 With regard to Futurist poetry;however;the case is rather difficult;for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature。    
      【译文】 然而,就未来派诗歌而言,情况却相当不同,因为无论未来派诗歌为何物——即使承认其理论根据也许是正确的,它也很难被称之为文学。    
      【析句】 该句也是一个因果关系的并列句。however是插入语,表示此句与上一句之间是转折关系。With regard to Futurist poetry作状语。the case is rather difficult是主句,表示结果。for之后的句子成分表示原因,其主干结构为it can hardly be classed as Literature,it指Futurist poetry。而破折号之间的成分则是插入语,on which it is based是the theory的定语从句。    
      【讲词】 classify意为“分类;分等”,例如:classify books by subjects(按学科将图书分类)。The water of the beach is clean and it is classified as a Grade 1 beach。(沙滩的海水很干净,因而这里被定为一级沙滩。)The plane crash was classified by the government as an act of terrorism。(政府把这起飞机失事确定为恐怖主义事件。)    
      9。 This;in brief;is what the Futurist says: for a century;past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up;till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed。 Consequently;our feelings;thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change。    
      【译文】 简而言之,未来派诗人宣称:一个世纪以来,过去的生活状况一直在有条件地发生急剧变化,结果到了现在我们生活在一个充斥着喧嚣、暴力和快节奏的世界之中。因此,我们的感情、思想和情绪都经历了相应的变化。    
      【析句】 在第一句中,从句what the Futurist says作宾语,冒号之后的成分作宾语的同位语。    
      【讲词】 speed up意为“加速”。We need to speed up our economic development。(我们需要加速经济发展。)In the past few years;China and India have sped up their talks on border disputes。(在过去几年,中国和印度加快了有关边境争端的会谈。)    
      corresponding意为“相应的”,例如:All rights carry with them corresponding responsibilities。(所有的权利都带有相应的义务。)This paper intends to discuss China’s social security and the corresponding policy。(这篇论文意图讨论中国的社会保障及其相关政策。)    
      10。 We must pour out a large stream of essential words;unhampered by stops;or qualifying adjectives;or finite verbs。    
      【译文】 我们必须大量使用基本词汇,摆脱句号、修饰性形容词及限定动词的羁绊。    
   
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