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Batter： Fair Or Foul Ball？
内场看止点，外场看落点。
Home plate is in fair territory and is treated like the ground。 There is nothing special about it。 There is nothing special about the pitcher's rubber。 It is part of the ground。 If a ball hits it and bounces foul before passing first or third it is a foul ball。 Home plate and all the bases are in fair territory。 Any batted ball that touches first； second or third is a fair ball。 A ball that settles on home plate is a fair ball。 A ball that hits home plate first is NOT a FOUL ball。
Two different criteria apply to judging fair or foul balls：
Balls that FIRST touch the ground or a player in the OUTFIELD and
Balls that FIRST touch the ground or a player in the INFIELD
fair
foul
Base hit
安打
If a batter gets on base by hitting the ball so that fielders cannot successfully field it； the batter has recorded a base hit。 On a base hit； the runner tries to advance as many bases as possible without being put out。 A base hit in which a batter gets to first base is called a single； one in which the batter gets to second base is called a double； and one in which the batter gets to third base is called a triple。 Batters can reach first base in several ways； in addition to base hits and walks。 The most common are （1） when the batter is hit by a pitched ball； （2） when a fielder mishandles a ball hit in fair territory and the batter reaches base safely as a result of the fielding mistake； known as an error； （3） when the catcher interferes with the batter's attempt to swing at the pitch； and （4） when the catcher drops a third strike and the batter reaches first base before a fielder tags the base or the batter。 If fielders put two runners out in one play； it is called a double play。 As the runner tries to advance from first base to second base； an infielder gets the ball； steps on second base to force out the base runner； and quickly throws the ball to the player covering first base to put out the batter。 A runner scores by successfully moving around all the bases and crossing home plate without being put out。 Scoring is usually the result of a combination of base hits； walks； or sacrifices； skillful baserunning； or errors by the defensive team。 Sometimes the batter circles the bases on one hit。 This is known as a home run。 A batter usually scores a home run by hitting the ball over the outfield fence。 On rare occasions； however； the batter may round all four bases without hitting the ball over the fence。 This play is known as an inside…the…park home run。 If there are base runners at the time the home run is hit； those players also round the bases and score。 If there are base runners on all three bases when the batter hits a home run； the team at bat scores four runs； and the play is called a grand slam。
如果击球员击中球后进垒，并且外场手不能有效地防守，称为安打。在安打后，要尽量在宣布出局前奔跑上垒。安打后击球员进至一垒叫作一垒打；击球员进至二垒叫作二垒打；进至三垒叫三垒打。击球员除了安打和自由上垒外，还有几种进垒方式。如投手将球击中击球员；守场员失误，捕手触到击球员的球棒，在三击之前，击球员在守场员触垒或触杀击球员之前进至一垒等。如果守场员在比赛中同时将两名跑垒员杀出局，则称为双杀。在跑垒员试图从一垒进至二垒时，内场手接到球，触二垒封杀跑垒员，并把球传给一垒防守球员，触杀击球员出局。跑垒员安全通过全部垒位，并在宣判出局前返回本垒，就可得分。只有结合安打，自由上垒、牺牲打；熟练的跑垒；以及对方的防守失误等因素才能得分。有时击球员可以一击打出本垒打，安全返回本垒。本垒打的球大多是打到外场围栏以外的高飞球。也有极少数情况，击球员没把球打到围栏以外就安全跑回本垒，叫作场内本垒打。如果本垒打时其他垒位上有跑垒员，其他球员也可以上垒得分。如果在满垒时击出本垒打，攻方可得4分，叫作满贯全垒打。
More about Baseball
Batting Order击球员上场顺序：
Order in which a team must come to bat。 Also called the lineup。 If a player bats out of turn； deliberately or otherwise； he is out； provided the team in the field realizes the error and appeals to the umpire immediately after the illegal batter has finished his time at bat。 The only way the batting order can be changed is the use of a substitute batter （one not already in the game）。 Once a player has been substituted for； he is no longer permitted to re…enter in the game。
Base hit安打：
Single一垒打：
Base hit on which only first base is legally and safely reached。
Double二垒打：
A two base hit。 Also called a two bagger。
Triple三垒打：
A hit that allows a batter to reach third base。
Home run本垒打：
Also known as a homer， a hit by a batter； which usually goes over the outfield fence； that enables him to run around all the bases safely。
Run Batted In打点：
Also known as RBI。 Credit given to a batter for each run that scores when he makes a safe hit； is retired by an infield or outfield putout； or when a run is forced in because he becomes a base runner。
Grand slam满贯本垒打：
A home run with a baserunner on each base； scoring four runs。
Walk自由上垒：
An automatic advance to first base for the batter after the pitcher throws four balls。 Also called “Base on Balls”。
Hit by Pitch击中击球员：
If a ball delivered by a pitcher hits the batter； in spite of his attempt to avoid being hit； it is a Hit by Pitch and the batter is entitled to first base。
Sacrifice牺牲打：
Play in which the batter is out but is not charged with an official time at bat because he has succeeded in moving a teammate along on the bases at the expense of his turn at bat； whether intentionally or not。 There are two types of sacrifices： the sacrifice bunt and the sacrifice fly。
Drag Bunt触击：
Bunt pulled down the first base line by a left handed hitter。 A bunt in the same direction by a right handed hitter is a push bunt。 The drag bunt is used mostly by fast runners。
Slide滑垒：
In order to make a smaller target for the fielder to tag and to make sure not to overrun the base； a runner going into a base will often slide。
Stolen Base偷垒：
The act of a runner gaining a base without the help of a hit； an error or a walk。 Occurs when the pitched ball is on its way to the batter。
Squeeze Play抢分触击：
The Squeeze Play is performed with a runner on third base and less than two outs。 The batter bunts the pitcher's pitch to the ground in order to allow the runner to reach home plate safely。
The defensive team tries to pick up the ball and throw it to the catcher who defends home plate。
SAFETY SQUEEZE： the runner on third base runs to home after seeing the ball bunted to the ground。
SUICIDE SQUEEZE： the runner on third base runs to home when the pitcher begins to deliver the pitch。
KEY WORDS 重点词汇
infield
内场
outfield
外场
base
垒位
first base
一垒
second base
二垒
third base
三垒
inning
局
pitcher
投手
batter
击球员
catcher
捕手
runner
跑垒员
fielder
外场手
strike zone
好球区
strike
好球/击
ball
坏球/球
save
安全上垒
walk
保送
single
一垒打
double
二垒打
triple
三垒打
strike out
三击出局
tag
触杀
force
封杀
home run
本垒打
正文排球的技术
Techniques of Volleyball
排球的技战术
When volleyball started out； there was a pretty basic plan to win the game。 Get the ball over the net to the other side in three hits or less。 It did not take