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3。Black girls could not marry white boys。(PREREADING)黑人女孩子不能与白人男孩子通婚。
marry的用法
marry表示“嫁”、“娶”或“与……结婚”时,用作及物动词;表示“结婚”时,多用作不及物动词。
She married Mr。 Smith。她嫁给了史密斯先生。
He married his daughter to a worker。他把女儿嫁给了一位工人。
He married late in life。他结婚很晚。
He didn’t marry until thirty。他直到30岁才结婚。
4。At that time in the southern states; blacks were not treated as equal citizens。(READING)在当时的南方各州黑人不被作为平等公民对待。
equal的用法
①equal作形容词,意为“相等的”或“同样的”。
Now please divide this circle into two equal parts。 现在将这个圆平分为两等分。
Women demand equal pay for equal work。妇女们要求同工同酬。
be equal to与……相等
The blacks should be equal to the whites。 黑人应该与白人平等。
②be/feel equal to 有“具有……的能力”的含义,后接名词或动词…ing。
She does not feel equal to receiving any guests today。 今天她身体不适,不能接待客人。
③equal可作动词,意为“等于”或“使等于”。
He may equal me in strength; but not in the brains。 他可能与我一样强健,但智力不如我。
Two plus two equals four。二加二等于四。
④equal作名词时,意为“相等的人/物”。
You should make friends with your equals or betters。 你应该与和自己同等或比你更好的人交朋友。
5。…black people had no right to vote in the southern states。(READING)……南部各州的黑人没有选举权。
vote的用法
①vote用作不及物动词,意为“投票”或“表决”,与介词for或against连用时,表示“赞成”或“反对”。
Are you going to vote for or against Bill? 你打算投票赞成比尔还是反对他?
②如果表示“就……表决”,vote常与介词on连用。
This afternoon they are going to vote on the proposal of the most favoured nation treatment to that country。今天下午他们将就给那个国家最惠国待遇提案进行表决。
③vote 作名词用时,意为“投票(通过)”、“表决(权)”、“投票(权)”或“投票数”。
Let’s put this question to the vote。 让我们投票来解决这个问题。
6。By doing this he set an example to the rest of the world。 (READING)他这样做,为世界其它地区树立了榜样。
set an example to sb意为“为某人树立榜样”。注意这里介词用to,不用for。
The development of Huaxi Village has set a good example to the villages all over ChinA。 华西村的发展为中国的各村树立了好榜样。
He set an example of plain living。他树立了简朴生活的榜样。
7。His message was that black people should not be separated but should be treated with respect in the same way as other people。(READING)他带给人们的启示是黑人不应该被隔离,而应该受到和其他人一样的待遇,而且应该完全地受尊重。
(1)message在这里意为“启示”、“寓意”或“要旨”。
I want this work finished before you go home。 Have you got the message?
你回家前得把活干完,明白了吗?
(2)separate 的用法
①separate作形容词时,读作'seprt',没有比较级形式,可用作定语或表语,意为“分离的”、“单独的”或“独立的”;表示“单独的”时,是定语形容词,只可用作定语。
Cut it into three separate parts。把它切成三部分。
The two questions are quite separate。这两个问题没有联系。
Keep the boys and the girls separate。把男孩和女孩分开。
I must have a separate room。我必须有个单独的房间。
The children sleep in separate beds。孩子们都在各自的床上睡觉。
②separate可用作及物动词或不及物动词,读作'sepret',意为“(使)分离”、“(使)分开”或“分类”。用作及物动词时,后跟简单宾语或含介词短语的复合宾语。
Separate your things from mine。把你的东西和我的分开。
Separate the oranges into four sections。把桔子分成四份。
They separated two years ago and haven’t seen each other ever since。 他们两年前分手了,以后再也没有见面。
8。…where black people had equal rights and were free to live; study and work as they wishe D。 (READING)……黑人在那里享有平等的权利,可以像他们所希望的那样自由地生活、学习和工作。
as表示方式的用法
①句中as作连词,表示“像……”或“按照”,引导方式状语从句。
You may take the jewelry as you like。你爱拿什么珠宝就拿什么。
Do it as I have told you。按照我所说的去做。
I want you to tell my friend your very interesting experience exactly as you have told it to me。 我想叫你把你这个十分有趣的经历告诉我的朋友,就像你告诉我的一样。
②有时as后还可接分词或介词短语,用作状语。
He lost the game as expected (=as he was expected)。正如所料,他输了那场比赛。
As planned (=As it was planned) they met on January 20。 按计划他们在一月二十日那天见面了。
③as与动词构成的固定搭配有:treat…as,regard…as; speak of…as; think of…as,describe…as,introduce…as,look on/upon…as,consider…as等。
They treated us as honoured guests。他们把我们当作贵宾。
Frankly; I look upon it as an experiment。老实说,我把它当作一次试验。
Abraham Lincoln is considered as one of the greatest presidents in AmericA。 亚伯拉罕·林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一。
④有时介词like也可以引导一个方式状语,但接名词或代词。
I wish I could fly like a bird。 /I wish I could fly as a bird does。
我能像小鸟那样飞就好了!
9。She refused to stand up for a white man and was arrested by the police。(READING)她拒绝起身为白人男子让座而被警察逮捕。
refuse的用法
refuse意为“拒绝”、“拒受”、“拒给”或“不愿”,可用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时,后跟名词、代词、双宾语或不定式。
He refused my offer of help。他拒绝我提供帮助。
She refused to discuss the matter。她拒绝讨论这件事。
refuse与reject
二者均可表示“拒绝”。
◎refuse指坚决甚至无礼貌地拒绝做某事,包括拒绝请求或提供某物。
I asked him to give me some money; but he refused。 我请他给我点钱,但是他拒绝了。
◎reject强调拒不接受,尤其是对没有价值或所厌恶的意见或请求。
They rejected his poorly written article。他们拒绝使用他这篇写得很糟糕的文章。
10。Winning this case gave King national attention。(READING)赢得这场官司使金受到全国的关注。
动名词(短语)在句中用作主语的用法
①动名词短语Winning the case在句中用作主语,相当于一个名词,谓语一般用单数形式。
Smoking is harmful to health。吸烟对健康有害。
Collecting shells is one of his hobbies。收集贝壳是他的爱好之一。
②动名词(短语)有时用it作形式主语。
It is no use crying over the spilt milk。覆水难收。
It is no good talking with him。跟他谈没好处。
It is a waste of time arguing about such trifles。辩论这样的小事,是浪费时间。
③动名词(短语)在There be句型中可用作主语。
There is no joking about such matters。这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no denying the fact that his invention has greatly improved the quality of the products。不容否认,他的发明大大提高了产品的质量。
11。…which inspired people of all races to fight for equality。(READING)……它鼓舞着各族人民为平等而斗争。
inspire的用法
inspire意为“鼓舞”或“激励”,是及物动词,后跟名词、代词或含不定式的复合宾语。
The speaker inspired the crowd。 演讲者感动了听众。
The officer inspired his men to be brave。军官鼓舞士兵要勇敢。
His words are inspiring。他的话鼓舞人心。
12。The following year; King received the Nobel Prize for Peace。(READING)第二年(1964年),金获得诺贝尔和平奖。
(1)receive the prize意为“获得奖项”,可与prize搭配的动词有win,receive,take,gain,carry off/away等。
They carried off most of the prizes at the village flower show。 他们在乡村花展上获得了大部分的奖项。
His design for the school took the second prize。他的校舍设计获得二等奖。
(2)the Nobel Peace Prize意为“诺贝尔和平奖”,也可以写成the Nobel Prize for Peace。六项诺贝尔奖是the Nobel Prize for Physics(物理奖); the Nobel Prize for Chemistry(化学奖); the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine(生理和医学奖); the Nobel Prize for Literature(文学奖); the Nobel Prize for Peace(和平奖); the Nobel Prize for Economics(经济奖)。
13。From then on; all black people had the right to