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213
PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE
Key Issues
Nature versus nurture debate； volume perception in children； infant’s understanding of object
permanence； symbol understanding of young children； depth perception in babies on the
“visual cliff；” inherited behavioral differences among preschool children； and genetically shy
monkeys。
Demonstrations
Steve Suomi examines how overly nurturing foster mothers may alter the introverted behavior
of individual monkeys。
Archival Demonstrations
Richard Walk and Eleanor Gibson developed the visual cliff in 1960 to study the development
of depth perception and the emotion of fear in children。
Interviews
Dr。 Baillargeon observes the infant’s understanding of physical and spatial qualities； such as
object permanence。
Dr。 Judy DeLoache studies how children understand symbols。
Steven Suomi studies the upbringing and behavior of genetically shy monkeys。
Psychologist Jean Piaget asks children of varying ages to assess the volume of liquid in a short；
wide glass after it is poured into a taller； thinner glass。 Responses vary with the age of the
child。
Psychologist Jerome Kagan observes inherited behavioral differences between timid and bold
children。 （21：37）。
Experimental Re…Creation
Development of the principle of object permanence at a very young age。
PROGRAM 6： LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Overview
The development of language and how psychologists hope to discover truths about the human
mind； society； and culture by studying how children use language in social munication。
Key Issues
Biological basis of language acquisition and development； the role of social interaction in
language development； universal adaptability in language development； grammar acquisition；
and the rules of conversation。
Demonstrations
The role of parent–child interaction in language development。
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CHAPTER 11： HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
Unique patterns of speech sounds made by mothers to their infants。
Interviews
Psychologist Jean Berko…Gleason explains the role of social interaction in language
development。
Anne Fernald examines how pre…verbal children interpret the melodies； intonations； and tones
of mothers of various languages。
Psychologist Dan Slobin discusses how children invent their own system of grammar and
syntax regardless of the adult grammatical patterns that they hear around them。
Linguist Noam Chomsky examines how a child acquires the ability to produce sophisticated
sentence structures。
PROGRAM 18： MATURING AND AGING
Overview
What really happens； physically and psychologically； as we age； and how society reacts to the
last stages of life。
Key Issues
Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development； societal treatment of the elderly； mid…life
crisis； modifying biological and psychological effects of aging； the elderly and sexuality； the
effects of media on the perception of the elderly； and the elderly’s ability to learn。
Demonstrations
Similarities among aged rabbits and human beings in the classic conditioning of the eyelid
response。
Archival Demonstrations
Journalist Pat Moore dresses as an elderly woman and walks the streets to demonstrate
prejudice against the aged。
Interviews
Dr。 Daniel Levinson examines the life cycle as divided into four eras of development：
childhood； early adulthood； middle adulthood； and late adulthood。
Diane Woodruf…Pak examines parallels between aged rabbits and aged human beings in their
underlying brain circuits。
Sherry Willis examines new educational training methods that help the elderly function more
effectively。
B。 F。 Skinner discusses how he has remained active and able in his field。
Werner Schaie examines the physical and psychological qualities the aged share。
215
PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE
Erik Erikson examines the identity crisis he experienced as a newer to the United States。
Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development are examined。
216
CHAPTER 11： HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
FILMS AND VIDEOS
Baby Talk （1984）。 IU （MG）； 49 minutes
Examines modern research into child language development。 Explores fetal and infant responses to
speech； the innateness of language ability in humans； the relationship between cognition and
language； the overgeneralization of syntactic rules by young children； and the processes by which
infants and young children interpret adult speech to build a grammar。 Contains interviews with
Jerome Bruner； Noam Chomsky； Dan Slobin； Peter Eimns； Catherine Snow； Jean Berko…Gleason；
Andrew Malzoff； and Eve Clark。 The interviews make this film worthwhile。
Child Language： Learning without Teaching （1981）。 IU （DAVSN）； 20 minutes
Follows the development of children’s language acquisition from infancy through early childhood。
Introduces one of the most involved learning processes a child encounters： mastering the plex
system of meanings； grammatical rules； and sounds called language。 Shows many of the problems
children face while learning to municate。 Gives examples of misunderstandings that can occur
between a child and an adult because of differing interpretations of words and sentences。
The Mind： Development （1988）。 HARR； 24 minutes
Traces the development of neurons and glial cells in fetal brain development。 Portrays experiments
designed to track the beginning of memory and children’s ability to categorize。 Discusses the
maturational milestones of developing a sense of self and moral development。
Piaget’s Developmental Theory： Classification （1975）。 POLY； 20 minutes
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development； with emphasis on adapting to parenthood。 Shows how
the expectations for the arrival of the first baby may differ from the reality of sleepless nights； crying
infants； etc。 The adaptation required is still on point for new parents。
Coping with Serious Illness （1980）。 TLF； 25 to 33 minutes
A series that documents the last years of Joan Robinson； a woman dying of cancer。
Episode 1： Facing Death
Deals with the issue of terminal illness and facing death。 The Robinsons are shown going
through the painful process of realizing that Joan is going to die。 Psychiatrists； doctors； and
others experienced in dealing with the dying discuss the current knowledge of facing death
and the various choices the ill and their families need to make： whether to die at home； in a
hospital； or in a hospice for the terminally ill。
Episode 2： Finance
Examines ways of coping with the financial aspects of being seriously ill。 Lawyers and
consumer advocates discuss patients’ rights and legal issues。
Episode 3： Pain
Shows approaches to coping with both pain and the fear of pain。 Explains the effects of
suffering on the personality； the differences between types of pain； and methods available for
treating pain。
Episode 4： Relationships and Stress
The Robinson family and friends address the changing relationships with family； friends； and
medical personnel。 Discusses how serious illness materially changes relationships； and coping
with the emotions and strain； following diagnosis of a serious illness。
Episode 5： Sexuality
217
PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE
Deals with the difficult issue of sexuality and the need for loving at critical times as well as
during times of little stress。 Interviews with the Robinsons and testimony from other men and
women illustrate the difficulties married couples face dealing with this issue。 Experts discuss
ways of showing and receiving physical expressions of love while coping with illness。
Euthanasia： Murder or Mercy （1985）。 CHUK； 30 minutes
A look at a current social problem： the control of dying and a patient’s right to die。 With the advent
of Jack Kevorkian’s position； this film may be more relevant than ever。
The Mind： Aging （1988）。 HARR； 24 minutes
Attributes the differential effects of aging on cognitive processes to an interaction between genetic
and environmental factors。 Depicts experiments conducted to pinpoint the area