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半也。故知兵者，動而不迷，舉而不窮。故曰：知己知彼，勝乃不殆﹔知天知地，勝乃可全。
X。 TERRAIN
1。 Sun Tzu said： We may distinguish six kinds of terrain； to wit： （1） Accessible ground； （2） entangling ground； （3） temporizing ground； （4） narrow passes； （5） precipitous heights； （6） positions at a great distance from the enemy。
2。 Ground which can be freely traversed by both sides is called accessible。
3。 With regard to ground of this nature； be before the enemy in occupying the raised and sunny spots；
and carefully guard your line of supplies。 Then you will be able to fight with advantage。
4。 Ground which can be abandoned but is hard to re…occupy is called entangling。
5。 From a position of this sort； if the enemy is unprepared； you may sally forth and defeat him。 But if the enemy is prepared for your ing； and you fail to defeat him； then； return being impossible； disaster will ensue。
6。 When the position is such that neither side will gain by making the first move； it is called temporizing ground。
7。 In a position of this sort； even though the enemy should offer us an attractive bait； it will be advisable not to stir forth； but rather to retreat； thus enticing the enemy in his turn； then； when part of his army has e out； we may deliver our attack with advantage。
8。 With regard to narrow passes； if you can occupy them first； let them be strongly garrisoned and await the advent of the enemy。
9。 Should the army forestall you in occupying a pass； do not go after him if the pass is fully garrisoned； but only if it is weakly garrisoned。
10。 With regard to precipitous heights； if you are beforehand with your adversary； you should occupy the raised and sunny spots； and there wait for him to e up。
11。 If the enemy has occupied them before you； do not follow him； but retreat and try to entice him away。
12。 If you are situated at a great distance from the enemy； and the strength of the two armies is equal； it is not easy to provoke a battle； and fighting will be to your disadvantage。
13。 These six are the principles connected with Earth。 The general who has attained a responsible post must be careful to study them。
14。 Now an army is exposed to six several calamities； not arising from natural causes； but from faults for which the general is responsible。 These are： （1） Flight； （2） insubordination； （3） collapse； （4） ruin； （5） disorganization； （6） rout。
15。 Other conditions being equal； if one force is hurled against another ten times its size； the result will be the flight of the former。
16。 When the mon soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak； the result is insubordination。 When the officers are too strong and the mon soldiers too weak； the result is collapse。
17。 When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate； and on meeting the enemy give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment； before the mander…in…chief can tell whether or no he is in a position to fight； the result is ruin。
18。 When the general is weak and without authority； when his orders are not clear and distinct； when there are no fixes duties assigned to officers and men； and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner； the result is utter disorganization。
19。 When a general； unable to estimate the enemy's strength； allows an inferior force to engage a larger one； or hurls a weak detachment against a powerful one； and neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank； the result must be rout。
20。 These are six ways of courting defeat； which must be carefully noted by the general who has attained a responsible post。
21。 The natural formation of the country is the soldier's best ally； but a power of estimating the adversary； of controlling the forces of victory； and of shrewdly calculating difficulties； dangers and distances； constitutes the test of a great general。
22。 He who knows these things； and in fighting puts his knowledge into practice； will win his battles。 He who knows them not； nor practices them； will surely be defeated。
23。 If fighting is sure to result in victory； then you must fight； even though the ruler forbid it； if fighting will not result in victory； then you must not fight even at the ruler's bidding。
24。 The general who advances without coveting fame and retreats without fearing disgrace； whose only thought is to protect his country and do good service for his sovereign； is the jewel of the kingdom。
25。 Regard your soldiers as your children； and they will follow you into the deepest valleys； look upon them as your own beloved sons； and they will stand by you even unto death。
26。 If； however； you are indulgent； but unable to make your authority felt； kind…hearted； but unable to enforce your mands； and incapable； moreover； of quelling disorder： then your soldiers must be likened to spoilt children； they are useless for any practical purpose。
27。 If we know that our own men are in a condition to attack； but are unaware that the enemy is not open to attack； we have gone only halfway towards victory。
28。 If we know that the enemy is open to attack； but are unaware that our own men are not in a condition to attack； we have gone only halfway towards victory。
29。 If we know that the enemy is open to attack； and also know that our men are in a condition to attack； but are unaware that the nature of the ground makes fighting impracticable； we have still gone only halfway towards victory。
30。 Hence the experienced soldier； once in motion； is never bewildered； once he has broken camp； he is never at a loss。
31。 Hence the saying： If you know the enemy and know yourself； your victory will not stand in doubt； if you know Heaven and know Earth； you may make your victory plete。
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11《孫子兵法》九地篇第十一
孫子曰：用兵之法，有散地，有輕地，有爭地，有交地，有衢地，有重地，有圮地，有圍地，有死地。諸侯自戰其地，為散地。入人之地不深者，為輕地。我得則利，彼得亦利者，為爭地。我可以往，彼可以來者，為交地。諸侯之地三屬，先至而得天下眾者，為衢地。入人之地深，背城邑多者，為重地。山林、險阻、沮澤，凡難行之道者，為圮地。所從由入者隘，所從歸者迂，彼寡可以擊我之眾者，為圍地。疾戰則存，不疾戰則亡者，為死地。是故散地則無戰，輕地則無止
，爭地則無攻，衢地則合交，重地則掠，圮地則行，圍地則郑赖貏t戰。
所謂古之善用兵者，能使敵人前後不相及，眾寡不相恃，貴賤不相救，上下不相收，卒離而不集，兵合而不齊。合于利而動，不合于利而止。敢問：“敵眾整而將來，待之若何？”曰：“先奪其所愛，則聽矣。”
兵之情主速，乘人之不及，由不虞之道，攻其所不戒也。
凡為客之道：深入則專，主人不克。掠于饒野，三軍足食。謹養而勿勞，并氣積力，卟⒂嬛，為不可測。投之無所往，死且不北。死焉不得，士人盡力。兵士甚陷則不懼，無所往則固，深入則拘，不得已則鬥。是故其兵不修而戒，不求而得，不約而親，不令而信。禁祥去疑，至死無所之。吾士無餘財，非惡貨也﹔無餘命，非惡壽也。令發之日，士卒坐者涕沾襟，偃臥者淚交頤。投之無所往者，諸、劌之勇也。
故善用兵者，譬如率然。率然者，常山之蛇也。擊其首則尾至，擊其尾則首至，擊其中則首尾俱至。敢問：“兵可使如率然乎？”曰：“可。”夫吳人與越人相惡也，當其同舟而濟，遇風，其相救也，如左右手。是故方馬埋輪，未足恃也。齊勇如一，政之道也，剛柔皆得，地之理也。故善用兵者，攜手若使一人，不得已也。
將軍之事：靜以幽，正以治。能愚士卒之耳目，使之無知。易其事，革其郑谷藷o識。易其居，迂其途，使人不得懀А浥c之期，如登高而去其梯。帥與之深入諸侯之地，而發其機，焚舟破釜，若驅群羊。驅而往，驅而來，莫知所之。聚三軍之眾，投之于險，此謂將軍之事也。九地之變，屈伸之力，人情之理，不可不察也。
凡為客之道：深則專，渼t散。去國越境而師者，絕地也﹔四達者，衢地也﹔入深者，重地也﹔入溦撸p地也﹔背固前隘者，圍地也﹔無所往者，死地也。
是故散地，吾將一其志﹔輕地，吾將使之屬﹔爭地，吾將趨其後﹔交地，吾將謹其守﹔衢地，吾將固其結﹔重地，吾將繼其食﹔圮地，吾將進其途﹔圍地，吾將塞其闕﹔死地，吾將示之以不活。
故兵之情：圍則御，不得已則鬥，過則從。
是故不知諸侯之终撸荒茴A交。不知山林、險阻、沮澤之形者，不能行軍。不用鄉導，不能得地利。四五者，不知一，非霸、王之兵也。夫霸、王之兵，伐大國，則其眾不得聚﹔威加于敵，則其交不得合。是故不爭天下之交，不養天下之權，信己之私，威加于敵，則其城可拔，其國可隳。施無法之賞，懸無政之令，犯三軍之眾，若使一人。犯之以事，勿告以言。犯之以利，勿告以害。
投之亡地然後存，陷之死地然後生。夫眾陷于害，然後能為勝敗。