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abroad that s/he has no intention of abandoning。 This residence abroad requirement is found in the B； F； J； M； O…2； P； and Q visa classifications。
海外居所要求总条款：正如在参考条款（B）中提及的，看申请人是否有移民倾向这条要求，仅仅在某些特定的非移民签证分类中才会应用到。这几类签证要求签证申请人令人满意和信服地展示出她或他在其原居住国拥有不想放弃的居所。这几种签证类型具体包括：B、F、J、M、O…2、P、和Q等几类。
3．The Purpose of travel is always the controlling criterion for determining a proper visa classification。 Each classification differs fundamentally in terms of activities permitted and time period contemplated in the United States。 Student visa adjudication is made more plex by the fact that students typically stay in the U。S。 longer than do many other non…immigrant visitors。 In these circumstances； it is important to keep in mind that the applicant's intent is to be adjudicated based on present intent – not on contingencies of what might happen in the future； during a lengthy period of study in the United States。
申请人前往美国的目的应该是决定其申请何种类型签证的关键性评判标准。每种签证，依据其允许持有人在美国从事活动的不同，以及预期在美国停留时间长短的差别，不同签证类型会有根本的不同。学生签证在评判过程中，会比其他类型的签证更加复杂，这是因为学生签证持有人在美国停留的时间普遍比其他非移民签证持有人要长。基于此种情形； 签证官一定要牢记（学生）签证申请的评判，要基于申请人的当前意向，而不是依据未来签证持有人在美长期的学习过程之中； 可能发生的种种不确定因素。
4．Context of residence abroad for students： While the concept of “ties” is very useful in evaluating many non…immigrant visa applicants； it is relatively less useful in assessing the present intent of a student。 The typical student is young； without employment； without family dependents； and without substantial personal assets。 Students may have only general rather than specific plans for the future。 These personal circumstances differ greatly from those of persons usually qualifying for B…1's or P visas for example。 The residence abroad requirement for a student should therefore be considered in a broader light； focusing on the student applicants' immediate intent。 While students may not be able to demonstrate strong 〃ties〃； their typical youth often conveys a countervailing major advantage in establishing their bona fides： they don't necessarily have a long…range plan； and hence are relatively less likely to have formed an intent to abandon their homes。
第三章、去美国留学的可行性（5）
关于学生海外居所的理解： 虽然“（与本国的）约束关系”这个概念在评估许多非移民签证申请人的过程中，起到了重要的作用，但是在评估学生当前意向方面，其作用就显得相对来说不是那么明显。因为学生普遍较年轻，非在职。也没有家庭，更没有实质上的个人财产。学生关于各自的未来，一般只会有概括的、而非具体的计划。学生签证申请人群体的这些特质，令他们与符合其他非移民签证（比如：B…1或P签证）人士的情形有很大的不同。因此，对于学生签证申请中，海外居所这条的评判； 应该有适当的体恤； 要放在一个更广大的范围内来考量。真正的焦点是学生申请人的当前意图。虽然学生也许不能展现很强的“约束关系”； 但是他们明显的年轻特质，所传达的是一种足以弥补“约束关系”不足的优势； 而此种优势又足以令我们（签证官）建立对他们诚恳表述的信任：如果学生们没有长期的计划； 因此也就不太可能有放弃他们在母国身份的意图。
5．Intended course of study： The fact that the alien plans on studying a subject for which there is no or little employment opportunity in his country of residence is not a basis for denying the visa； because circumstances may change； this fact should not be deemed a negative factor in adjudicating the case。 Nor； on the other hand； is the fact that the country of residence can provide the equivalent quality courses in the same subject matter。 The student has the right to choose where s/he will obtain an education if accepted by the school。
计划学习的课程：外籍人士计划在美国学习的科目，即使此科目在此外籍人士的母国（外国居住地）没有或者很少有就业机会，这也不能成为拒绝此申请人留学签证的理由。因为事情的情形会不断地变化，所以目前看来在其母国工作机会可能不大，并不代表将来会一直这样。所以不能将这个事实当成是判定此申请人签证申请的不利因素。另外，申请人母国也有与此科目等同的课程供学生选择，也同样不能成为拒绝签证的理由。如果学生已经被美国的大学录取，她或他有权利选择自己想去学习的地方。
6．Visa renewal during course of study： Some students have to apply for new visas if they go home or travel during their period of study。 Returning student applications should generally be reissued in the normal course of business； unless circumstances have changed significantly from the time of previous issuance。 Studies in order to maintain ties to their country of origin。 If students feel that they will encounter difficulties in seeking a new student visa or that a visa will not be issued to them so they can continue their studies； they may be less inclined to leave the United States during their studies and hence may distance themselves culturally from their homeland。 Posts should facilitate the reissuance of student visas so that these students can travel freely back and forth between the homeland and the United States。
关于在学习过程中的签证续签问题：一部分学生在其学习过程中，由于回家探亲或者去他国旅游，可能必须申请签证的续签。这类学生签证的返签申请，正常情况下，应该予以发放，除非当前情形与此申请人起初获得学生签证时有急剧变化（比如换了学校，那么就需要重新考虑其签证申请了）。（*学习的目的是为了维持与他们母国的约束关系*）。如果学生感觉一旦他们回到母国，就很难再次获得签证，就不能回到美国的学校来继续完成其学业，那么在这些海外学生在美就学期间就不太可能离开美国，这会将他们与母国的社会关系变得疏远，文化上还会造成对本国的不认同，反而不利于他们在毕业后返回母国发展。因此应该尽量为学生的续签提供一切便利，让这些学生可以轻松、自由地往返于美国和自己母国之间。
第三章、去美国留学的可行性（6）
7．Student Visa Reminders：a）Educational qualifications： The I…20 is evidence that STATE 00180015 002。2 OF 003 the school has accepted the applicant as a student。 The choice of the subject matter is not determinative of the applicant's scholastic aptitude。 Consular officers should not go behind the I…20 to adjudicate the alien's qualifications as a student for that institution。 If the consular officer has reason to believe that the applicant engaged in fraud or mispresentation to garner acceptance into the school as laid out in 9 FAM 41。61 Note 8； then that information is an important factor to consider in determining if the applicant has a bona fide intent to engage in study the United States。 Verification of admission with the school would usually be required if you are considering applying INA 212（a） （6） （C）。
b）munity colleges or lesser…known schools： All legitimate schools must be accorded the same weight under the law。 The INA does not distinguish among schools qualifying for I…20 authorization based on size or recognition。 There is no legal difference between munity colleges； English language schools and four…year institutions。 Applicants should be adjudicated on their bona fides as students regardless of institution of program of study。 If you have reason to question the authenticity of the school contact either DHS or CA/VO/F/P。
学生签证提示：a） 教育资格：学生收到的I…20表格，就是足以证明申请人已经作为一个学生，被发放表格的这所学校接受了。不论学生所选的学习专业是什么方向，都不能用以证明此申请人的学术能力。签证官不可以超越I…20上面的表述，自行判定此外国学生在美大学的入学资格。如果签证官有理由相信此学生签证申请人，在其当时申请大学时，通过任何隐瞒或欺骗行为，从而获得了入学通知书，那么签证官凭借此信息，可以有充分理由怀疑这个申请人赴美的目的是否真的是去学习。如果签证官认为此申请的情形适用于INA 212 （a） （6） （c）； 那么通常要求对此申请人的录取结果进行核实。
b） 关于社区学院或者那些不够知名的学府：所有合法的美国院校，依照法律，都必须一视同仁。INA对那些有资格发放I…20表格的学校不会基于学校的大小或知名度而区别对待。从法律的角度来讲，社区大学、英文培训学校、和四年制教育机构之间是没有区别的。学生签证的申请，应该从她或他赴美的真正目的是否为学习的角度来评判，而不应与其所学专业或学校知名与否挂钩。如果签证官对于此学校的真实性有任何怀疑，可以联系DHS或CA/VO/F/P来核实。
8．Test of FAM Notes：9 FAM 41。61 N5。1 Residence Abroad Required（ct： visa…706； 02…17…2005）The INA requires that the applicant possess a residence in a foreign