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the child knows them to be true。
Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude； in fact they did nothing of the kind； but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt。 Today we tend to go to the other extreme； but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent。 It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality； however painful it may be at the moment。
DOTID OFLUM Journey Through Adolescence
New words and expressions 生词和短语
adolescence
n。
slur
n。 青春期
adolescent
n。 底毁
disloyalty
n。 青少年（12…18岁）
spiteful
adj。 恶意的，怀恨的
disillusionment
n。 幻灭感
evaluation
n。 评价
infallibility
n。 一贯正确
resent
v。 怨恨
sincerity
n。 诚挚
victorian
adj。 维多利亚式的
retreat
v。 后退
unreasoning
adj。 不凭理智的
authoritarian
adj。 专制的
cow
v。 吓唬
参考译文
当家长听到孩子赞扬自己朋友的家时，总感到不安，认为孩子在嫌弃自家的饭菜、卫生、或家具，而且愚蠢地让孩子看出自己的烦恼。他们甚至责备孩子不忠，或者讲些小朋友家长的坏话。家长这种有失身份和孩子气的作法使青春期的孩子大为震惊，决心以后不再向父母讲述去过的地方和见过的人。不要很久；家长就会抱怨孩子守口如瓶，什么事也不告诉他们，殊不知这是他们自找的。
不管家长的人品有多么好，作为父母有多么合格，孩子们对家长幻想的破灭在某种程度上是不可避免的。除非父母自身不能令人满意，大多数孩子对父母估价过高，以致这种估价很难指望经受住现实的考验。如果家长意识到孩子们通常是多么相信家长的品行和绝对正确，意识到孩子们的这种信念会对孩子产生多么大的影响，那么家长会大为吃惊和深受感动的。如果家长对青少年的这种反应有思想准备，并且意识到这象征着孩子们正在成熟和正在发展宝贵的观察力、独立判断力，那么他们就不会那样伤心，也就不会由于怨恨和抵触这种反应，而把孩子推到自己的对立面去。
青少年酷爱真诚，对于能够承认错误或无知、甚至承认自己做得不分平或不公正的父母，他们总是尊敬的，孩子们所不能原谅的是：父母错了，孩子们也看出来了，可是做父母的还不肯承认。
维多利亚时代的父母认为，他们可靠无理的权威气派来维护自己的尊严，实际上那是根本不行的。孩子们只不过被吓得不敢让父母知道自己的想法罢了。虽然现在我们倾向于走向另一个极端，但总地来看，孩子和家长双方态度都比较端正。遇事采取面对现实的态度总是比较明智和稳妥的，尽管会有暂时的痛苦。
Lesson 35
Space odyssey
太空探索
First listen and then answer the following question。
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
When will it be possible for us to think seriously about colonising Mars？
The Moon is likely to bee the industrial hub of the Solar System； supplying the rocket fuels fro its ships； easily obtainable from the lunar rocks in the from of liquid oxygen。 The reason lies in its gravity。 Because the Moon has only an eightieth of the Earth's mass； it requires 97 per cent less energy to travel the quarter of a million miles from the Moon to Earth…orbit than the 200 mile…journey from Earth's surface into orbit！
This may sound fantastic； but it is easily calculated。 To escape from the Earth in a rocket； one must travel at seven miles per second。 The parable speed from the Moon is only 1。5 miles per second。 Because the gravity on the Moon's surface is only a sixth of Earth's （remember how easily the Apollo astronauts bounded along）； it takes much less energy to accelerate to that 1。5 miles per second than it does on Earth。 Moon…dwellers will be able to fly in space at only three per cent of the cost of similar journeys by their terrestrial dwellers will be able to fly in space at only three per cent of the cost of similar journeys by their terrestrial cousins。
Arthur C。 Clark once suggested a revolutionary idea passes through three phases：
1 'It's impossible don't waste my time。'
2 'It's possible； but not worth doing。'
3 'I said it was a good idea all along。'
The idea of colonising Mars a world 160 times more distant time the Moon will move decisively from the second phase to the third； when a significant number of people are living permanently in space。 Mars has an extraordinary fascination for would…be voyagers。 America； Russia and Europe are filled with enthusiasts many of them serious and senior scientists who dream of sending people to it。 Their aim is understandable。 It is the one world in the Solar System that is most like the Earth。 It is a world of red sandy deserts （hence its name the Red Planet）； cloudless skies； savage sandstorms； chasms wider than the Grand Canyon and at least one mountain more than twice as tall as Everest。 It seems ideal for settlement。
7 DAYS； February 19； 1989
New words and expressions 生词和短语
hub
n。 （活动的）中心
lunar
adj。 月球的
oxygen
n。 氧气
Apollo
n。 阿波罗
accelerate
v。 加速
terrestrial
adj。 地球的
permanently
adv。 永远地
fascination
n。 魅力
senior
adj。 资历深的，年长的
chasm
n。 断层，裂口
canyon
n。 峡谷
参考译文
月球很可能成为太阳系的工业中心。从月球上的岩石中很容易提炼出液态氧，作为航天飞船的燃料。其原因在于月球的重力。因为月球的重只有地球的1/8，因此，从月球到地球的25万英里所消耗的能量要比从地球表面进入地球轨道的200英里所耗能量少97％。
这点听起来令人难以置信，但却很容易计算出来。要乘坐一枚火箭飞离地球，火箭的速度要达到每秒7英里，而从月球出发的相应速度史是每秒1。5英里。由于月球表面的重力仅是地球表面的1/6 还记得阿波罗飞船中的宇航员累松地跳跃 在月球上加速到每秒1。5英里比在地球上所用能源要少得多。月球居民在太空遨游的费用仅是地球上朋友飞越同样路所需费用的3％。
亚瑟。C。克拉克曾提议，一种创新的想法要经过以下3个阶段：
1 “根本不可能，不要浪费我的时间。”
2 “可能，但不值得做。”
3 “我一直说这是个好想法。”
如果有相当数量的人永久性地住在太空，征服火星的计划 一个比月球远160倍的星球 就可以明确地从第2阶段进入第3阶段。火星对未来的星际旅客说有着特殊的魅力。美国、俄罗斯和欧洲都有许多热心此项事业的人 其中的不少是认真和资深的科学家，他们一直梦想着把人送上火星。他们的目标是可以理解的。火星是太阳系里与地球最接近的一颗行星。这是一个红色沙漠的世界（因而得名：红色行星），无云的天空，凶猛的沙暴，比大峡谷还宽的裂缝，起码有一座山有珠穆朗玛峰的近两倍高。看起来，它很合适居住。
Lesson 36
The cost of government
政府的开支
First listen and then answer the following question。
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is the most important factor； both in government or business； for keeping running costs low？
If a nation is essentially disunited； it is left to the government to hold it together。 This increases the expense of government； and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country。 And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country。 Where the cost of government is high； resources for development are correspondingly low。
This may be illustrated by paring the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise。 An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business。 For our purposes； we are concerned only with one kind of cost the cost of managing and administering the business。 Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation。 The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm。 If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities。 and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere； then administrative overheads will be low。 It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job； then the business will require armies of administrators； checkers； and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly。 As administrative overheads rise； so the earnings of the business after meeting he expense of administration； will fall； and the business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development。
It is precisely the same with a nation。 To the extent that the people can be relied upon to behave in a loyal and responsi