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the silmarillion-第105章

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nim 'white' (from earlier nimf; nimp) in Nimbrethil; Nimloth; Nimphelos; niphredil (niphred 'pallor'); Barad  
Nimras; Ered Nimrais。 The Quenya form was ninque; thus Ninquelót?=Nimloth。 Cf。 also Taniquetil。 
orn 'tree' in Celeborn; Hírilorn; cf。 Fangorn 'Treebeard' and mallorn; plural mellyrn; the trees of Lothlórien。 
orod 'mountain' in Orodruin; Thangorodrim; Orocarni; Orom?t。 Plural ered in Ered Engrin; Ered Linden;  
etc。 
os(t) 'fortress' in Angrenost; Belegost; Formenos; Fornost; Mandos; Nargothrond (from Narog…ost…rond);  
Os(t)giliaih; Ost…in…Edhil。 
palan (Quenya) 'far and wide' in Palantíri; Tar…Palantir。 
pel… 'go round; encircle' in Pelargir; Pelóri; and in the Pelennor; the 'fenced land' of Minas Tirith; also in  
Ephel Brandir; Ephel Dúath (ephel from et…pel 'outer fence')。 
quen… (quet…) 'say; speak' in Quendi (Calaquendi; Laiquendi; Moriquendi); Quenya; Valaquenta; Quenta  
Silmarillion。 The Sindarin forms have p (or b) for qu; e。g。 pedo 'speak' in the inscription on the West…gate of Moria;  
corresponding to the Quenya stem quet; and Gandalf's words before the gate; lasto beth lammen 'listen to the words  
of my tongue'; where beth 'word' corresponds to Quenya quetta。 
ram 'wall' (Quenya ramba) in Andram; Ramdal; also in Rammas Echor; the wall about the Pelennor Fields  
at Minas Tirith。 
ran… 'wander; stray' in Rána; the Moon; and in Mithrandir; Aerandir; also in the river Gilraen in Gondor。 
rant 'course' in the river…names Adurant (with adu 'double') and Celebrant ('Silverlode')。 
ras 'horn' in Barad Nimras; also in Caradhras ('Redhorn') and Methedras ('Last Peak') in the Misty Mountains;  
plural rais in Ered Nimrais。 
rauko 'demon' in Valaraukar; Sindarin raug; rog in Balrog。 
ril 'brilliance' in Idril; Silmaril; also in Anduril (the sword of Aragorn) and in mithril (Moria…silver)。  
Idril's name in Quenya form was Itarill? (or Itarild?); from a stem ita… 'sparkle'。 
rim 'great number; host' (Quenya rimbe) was monly used to form collective plurals; as Golodhrim;  
Mithrim (see the Index); Naugrim; Thangorodrim; etc。 
ring 'cold; chill' in Ringil; Ringwil; Himring; also in the river Ringló in Gondor; and in Ringar?; Quenya  
name of the last month of the year (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D)。 
ris 'cleave' appears to have blended with the stem kris… of similar meaning (a derivative of the root kir…  
'cleave; cut'; q。v。); hence Angrist (also Orcrist 'Orc…cleaver'; the sword of Thorin Oakenshield); Crissaegrim;  
Imladris。 
roch 'horse' (Quenya rokko) in Rochallor; Rohan (from Rochand 'land of horses'); Rohirrim; also in  
Roheryn 'horse of the lady' (cf。 heru); Aragorn's horse; which was so called because given to him by Arwen (The  
Return of the King V 2)。 
rom… A stem used of the sound of trumpets and horns which appears in Orom? and Valaróma; cf。 Bema; the  
name of this Vala in the language of Rohan as translated into Anglo…Saxon in The Lord of the Rings Appendix A (II):  
Anglo…Saxon b?me 'trumpet'。 
romen 'uprising; sunrise; east' (Quenya) in Romenna。 The Sindarin words for 'east'; rh?n (in Talath Rhunen)  
and amr?n; were of the same origin。 
rond meant a vaulted or arched roof; or a large hall or chamber so roofed; so Nargothrond (see ost);  
Hadhodrond; Aglarond。 It could be applied to the heavens; hence the name Elrond 'star…dome'。 
ros 'foam; spindrift; spray' in Celebros; Elros; Rauros; also in Cair Andros; an island in the river Anduin。  
ruin 'red flame' (Quenya runya) in Orodruin。 
ruth 'anger' in Aranrúth。 
sarn '(small) stone' in Sarn Athrad (Sarn Ford on the Brandywine is a half…translation of this); also in Sarn  
Gebir ('stone…spikes': ceber; plural cebir 'stakes'); rapids in the river Anduin。 A derivative is Serni; a river m Gondor。 
sereg 'blood' (Quenya serke) in seregon。 
sil… (and variant thil…) 'shine (with white or silver light)' in Belthil; Galathilion; Silpion; and in Quenya Isil; Sindarin  
Ithil; the Moon (whence Isildur; Narsil; Minas Ithil; Ithilien)。 The Quenya word Silmarilli is said to derive from the  
name silima that F?anor gave to the substance from which they were made。 
s?r 'river'; from root sir… 'flow'; in Ossiriand (the first element is from the stem of the numeral 'seven';  
Quenya otso; Sindarin odo); Sirion; also in Sirannon (the 'Gate…stream' of Moria) and Sirith ('a flowing'; as tirith  
'watching' from tir); a river in Gondor。 With change of s to h in the middle of words it is present in Minhiriath  
'between the rivers'; the region between the Brandywine and the Greyflood; in Nanduhirion 'vale of dim streams'; the  
Dimrill Dale (see nan'd' and dú); and in Ethir Anduin; the outflow or delta of Anduin (from et…sir)。 
s?l 'wind' in Amon S?l; Súlimo; cf。 súlim?; Quenya name of the third month of the year (The Lord of the  
Rings Appendix D)。 
tal (dal) 'foot' in Celebrindal; and with the meaning 'end'  in Ramdal。 
talath 'flat lands; plain' in Talath Dirnen; Talath Rhunen。 
tar… 'high' (Quenya tara 'lofty'); prefix of the Quenya names of the Númenórean Kings; also in Annatar。  
Feminine tari 'she that is high; Queen' in Elentári; Kementári。 Cf。 tarma 'pillar' in Meneltarma。 
tathar 'willow'; adjective tathren m Nan…tathren; Quenya tasare in Tasarinan; Nan…tasarion (see Nan…tathren  
in the Index)。 
taur 'wood; forest' (Quenya taure) in Tauron; Taur…im…Duinath; Taur…nu…Fuin。 
tel… 'finish; end; be last' in Teleri。 
thalion 'strong; dauntless' m Cúthalion; Thalion。 
thong 'oppression' in Thangorodrim; also in Durthang (a castle in Mordor)。 Quenya sanga meant 'press;  
throng'; whence Sangahyando 'Throng…cleaver'; name of a man in Gondor (The Lord of the Rings Appendix A 'I;  
iv')。 
thar… 'athwart; across' in Sarn Athrad; Thargelion; also in Tharbad (from thara…pata 'crossway*) where the  
ancient road from Arnor and Gondor crossed the Grey…flood。 
thaur 'abominable; abhorrent' in Sauron (from Thauron); Gorthaur。 
thin(d) 'grey' in Thingol; Quenya sinda in Sindar; Singollo (Sindacollo: collo 'cloak')。 
th?l 'helm' in Dor Cúarthol; Gorthol。 
thon 'pine…tree' in Dorthonion。 
thoron 'eagle' in Thorondor (Quenya Sorontar); Cirith Thoronath。 The Quenya form is perhaps present in the  
constellation…name Soronúm?。 
til 'point; horn' in Taniquetil; Tilion ('the Horned'); also in Celebdil 'Silvertine'; one of the Mountains of  
Moria。 
tin… 'sparkle' (Quenya tinta 'cause to sparkle'; tinwe 'spark') in Tintall?; also in tindóm? 'starry twilight' (The Lord of  
the Rings Appendix D); whence tindómerel 'daughter of the twilight'; a poetic name for the nightingale (Sindarin  
Tinúviel)。 It appears also in Sindarin ithildin 'starmoon'; the substance of which the devices on the West…gate of  
Moria were made。 
tir 'watch; watch over' in Minas Tirith; palantíri; Tar…Palantir; Tirion。 
tol 'isle' (rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river) in Tol Eress?a; Tol Galen; etc。 
turn 'valley' in Tumhalad; Tumladen; Quenya tumbo (cf。 Treebeard's tumbalemorna 'lack deep valley'。 The  
Two Towers III 4)。 Cf。 Utumno; Sindarin Ud?n (Gandalf in Mordor named the Balrog 'Flame of Ud?n'); a name  
afterwards used of the deep dale in Moria between the Morannon and the Isenmouths。 
tur 'power; mastery' in Turambar; Turgon; Túrin; F?anturi; Tar…'Minyatur。 
uial 'twilight' in Aelin…uial; Nenuial。 
ur… 'heat; be hot' in Urulóki; cf。 Urim? and Urui; Quenya and Sindarin names of the eighth month of the  
year (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D)。 Related is the Quenya word aure 'sunlight; day' (cf。 Fingon's cry 'before  
the Nirnaeth Arnoediad); Sindarin aur; which in the form Or… is prefixed to the names of the days of the week。 
val… 'power' in Valar; Valacirca; Valaquenta; Valaraukar; Val(i)mar; Valinor。 The original stem was bal…;  
preserved in Sindarin Balan; plural Belain; the Valar; and in Balrog。 
wen 'maiden' is a frequent ending; as in E?rwen; Morwen。 
wing 'foam; spray' in Elwing; Vingilot (and only in these two names)。 
yave 'fruit' (Quenya) in Yavanna; cf。 Yavannie; Quenya name of the ninth month of the year; and yavie  
'autumn' (The Lord of the Rings Appendix D)。 
 
 
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