°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
ïÎÒÉè¼ÆºÍʵʩÁ˱¾ÊéÖÐËùÌá¼°µÄ¾ø´ó²¿·ÖÑо¿¹¤×÷£¬Ð»Ð»ÄãÔÚÎÒÓöµ½´ìÕÛµÄʱºò¸øÁËÎÒ¼±ÐèµÄÖ§³ÖºÍ¹ÄÀø£¬Ð»Ð»ÄãËù¸¶³öµÄÊ®¶þ·ÖµÄŬÁ¦¡£ÕæµÄ·Ç³£¸Ðл£¡
×îºó£¬ÖÔÐĸÐл×ö¹ýÊý°ÙÖÖ¸ã¹ÖʵÑéµÄÑо¿ÈËÔ±ºÍÊý°ÙÍòÃûΪÕâÏîÊÂÒµ×ö³ö¹ý¹±Ï׵IJÎÓëÕß¡£Èç¹ûûÓÐÄãÃÇ£¬Õâ±¾Êé¾ø¶Ô²»»áÊÇÏÖÔÚÕâ¸öÑù×Ó£¬¶øÇÒƪ·ù¿Ï¶¨»á¶ÌºÜ¶à¡£
¸½×¢
Ðò
£Û1£ÝM¡£¡¡Brookes¡Extreme¡¡measures£º¡¡The¡¡Dark¡¡Visions¡¡and¡¡Brigbt¡¡Ideas¡¡of¡¡Francis¡¡Galton¡£¡¡Bloomsbury£º¡¡London£»¡¡2004¡£
£Û2£Ýf¡£¡¡Galton¡¡¡'Statistical¡¡inquiries¡¡into¡¡the¡¡efficacy¡¡of¡¡prayer'£»¡¡Fortnigbtly¡¡Review¡¡#68£»¡¡pages¡¡125¡35¡£¡¡1872¡£
£Û3£Ýid¡£¡The¡¡Art¡¡of¡¡Travel£»¡¡page¡¡209¡£¡¡John¡¡Murray£º¡¡London£»¡¡1855¡£
£Û4£ÝI¡£¡¡Farkas£»¡¡D¡£¡¡Helbing¡¡&¡¡T¡£¡¡Vicsek¡¡¡'Mexican¡¡waves¡¡in¡¡an¡¡excitable¡¡medium'£»¡¡Nature¡¡#419£»¡¡pages¡¡131¡2¡£¡¡2002¡£
£Û5£ÝL¡£¡¡Standing¡¡¡'Learning¡¡10£»000¡¡pictures'£»¡¡Quarterly¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡Experimental¡¡Psycbology¡¡#25£»¡¡pages¡¡207¡22¡£¡¡1973¡£
£Û6£ÝR¡£¡¡Sommer¡¡¡'The¡¡personality¡¡of¡¡vegetables£º¡¡Botanical¡¡metaphors¡¡for¡¡human¡¡characteristics'£»¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡Personality¡¡#56£¨4£©£»¡¡pages¡¡665¡83¡£¡¡1988¡£
£Û7£ÝJ¡£¡¡Trinkaus¡¡¡'Wearing¡¡baseball¡type¡¡caps£º¡¡An¡¡informal¡¡look'£»¡¡Psycbological¡¡Reports¡¡#74£¨2£©£»¡¡pages¡¡585¡6¡£¡¡1994¡£
£Û8£ÝR¡£¡¡B¡£¡¡Cialdini¡¡&¡¡D¡£¡¡A¡£¡¡Schroeder¡¡¡'Increasing¡¡pliance¡¡by¡¡legitimizing¡¡paltry¡¡contributions£º¡¡When¡¡even¡¡a¡¡penny¡¡helps'£»¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡Personality¡¡and¡¡Social¡¡Psycbology¡¡#34£»¡¡pages¡¡599¡604¡£¡¡1976¡£
£Û9£ÝR¡£A¡£¡¡Craddick¡¡¡'Size¡¡of¡¡Santa¡¡Claus¡¡drawings¡¡as¡¡a¡¡function¡¡of¡¡time¡¡before¡¡and¡¡after¡¡Christmas'£»¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡Psycbological¡¡Studies¡¡#12£»¡¡pages¡¡121¡5¡£¡¡1961¡£
µÚ1Õ¡¡ÄãµÄÉúÈÕµ½µ×Òþº¬×ÅÔõÑùµÄÃØÃÜ¡ª¡ªÊ±¼äÐÄÀíѧ
£Û1£ÝG¡£¡¡Dean¡¡¡'Astrology'¡¡in¡¡G¡£¡¡Stein¡¡£¨ed¡££©£»¡¡The¡¡Encyclopedia¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Paranorrnal£»¡¡pages¡¡47¡99¡£¡¡Prometheus¡¡Books£º¡¡Amherst¡£¡¡1996¡£
£Û2£ÝD¡£T¡£¡¡Regan¡For¡¡the¡¡Record£º¡¡From¡¡Wall¡¡Street¡¡to¡¡Wasbington¡£¡¡Harcourt¡¡Brace£º¡¡New¡¡York£»¡¡1988¡£
¡ªid¡£¡What¡¡Does¡¡Joan¡¡Say£¿£º¡¡My¡¡Seven¡¡Years¡¡as¡¡White¡¡House¡¡Astrologer¡¡to¡¡Nancy¡¡and¡¡Ronald¡¡Reagan¡£¡¡Carol¡¡Publishing¡¡Group£º¡¡New¡¡York£»¡¡1990¡£
£Û3£ÝJ¡£¡¡Chapman¡¡¡'How¡¡a¡¡girl¡¡of¡¡four¡¡trounced¡¡a¡¡top¡¡investor¡¡and¡¡a¡¡stargazer¡¡at¡¡playing¡¡the¡¡stock¡¡market'£»¡¡Daily¡¡Mail£»¡¡21¡¡March¡¡2001£»¡¡pages¡¡2¡3¡£
£Û4£ÝM¡£¡¡Nichols¡¡¡'An¡¡investor£»¡¡an¡¡astrologer£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡girl£»¡¡4£»¡¡played¡¡the¡¡market¡£¡¡Guess¡¡who¡¡won£¿'£»¡¡Scotsman£»¡¡24¡¡March¡¡2001£»¡¡page¡¡5¡£
£Û5£ÝT¡£¡¡Teeman¡¡¡'Girl¡¡shows¡¡money¡¡game¡¡is¡¡child's¡¡play'£»¡¡The¡¡Times£»¡¡24¡¡March¡¡2001¡£
£Û6£ÝG¡£¡¡Rollings¡¡¡'McNuggets¡¡of¡¡wisdom¡¡from¡¡the¡¡shares¡¡ace¡¡aged¡¡four'£»¡¡Sun£»¡¡24¡¡March¡¡2001£»¡¡page¡¡50¡£
£Û7£ÝIbid¡£
£Û8£ÝT¡£¡¡Utton¡¡¡'Girl¡¡of¡¡five¡¡beats¡¡the¡¡stock¡¡market¡¡experts¡¡£¨again£©'£»¡¡Daily¡¡Mail£»¡¡14¡¡March¡¡2002£»¡¡page¡¡43¡£
£Û8£ÝJ¡£¡¡Mayo£»¡¡O¡£¡¡White¡¡SC¡¡&¡¡H¡£¡¡J¡£¡¡Eysenck¡¡¡'An¡¡empirical¡¡study¡¡of¡¡the¡¡relation¡¡between¡¡astrological¡¡factors¡¡and¡¡personality'£»¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡SocialPsychology¡¡#105£»¡¡pages¡¡229¡36¡£¡¡1978¡£
£Û10£ÝEditorial¡¡¡'British¡¡scientist¡¡proves¡¡basic¡¡astrology¡¡theory'£»¡¡Pbenomena£»¡¡1¡¡April¡¡1977£»¡¡page¡¡1¡£
£Û11£ÝH¡£J¡£¡¡Eysenck¡¡&¡¡C¡¡D¡£¡¡K¡£¡¡B¡£¡¡Nias¡Astrology£º¡¡Science¡¡or¡¡Superstition£¿¡£¡¡Pelican£º¡¡London£»¡¡1988¡£
£Û12£ÝH¡£¡¡B¡£¡¡Gibson¡Hans¡¡Eysenck£º¡¡The¡¡Man¡¡and¡¡His¡¡Work£»¡¡page¡¡210¡£¡¡Peter¡¡Owen£º¡¡London£»¡¡1981¡£
£Û13£ÝG¡£¡¡Jahoda¡¡¡'A¡¡note¡¡on¡¡Ashanti¡¡names¡¡and¡¡their¡¡relationship¡¡to¡¡personality'£»¡¡British¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡Psychology¡¡#45£»¡¡pages¡¡192¡5¡£¡¡1954¡£
£Û14£ÝM¡£¡¡Gauquelin¡Dreams¡¡and¡¡Illusions¡¡of¡¡astrology¡£¡¡Glover¡¡&¡¡Blair¡¡Ltd£º¡¡London£»¡¡1979¡£
£Û15£ÝG¡£¡¡Dean¡¡&¡¡I¡£¡¡W¡£¡¡Kelly¡¡¡'Is¡¡astrology¡¡relevant¡¡to¡¡consciousness¡¡and¡¡psi£¿'£»¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡Consciousness¡¡Studies¡¡#10£¨6¡7£©£»¡¡pages¡¡175¡98¡£¡¡2003¡£
£Û16£ÝFor¡¡an¡¡overview¡¡of¡¡this¡¡work£»¡¡see£º¡¡G¡£¡¡Dean£»¡¡A¡£¡¡Mather¡¡SC¡¡I¡£¡¡W¡£¡¡Kelly¡¡¡'Astrology'¡¡in¡¡G¡£¡¡Stein¡¡£¨ed¡££©£»¡¡TbeEncydopedia¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Paranormal£»¡¡pages¡¡47¡99¡£¡¡Prometheus¡¡Books£º¡¡Amherst£»¡¡1966¡£
£Û17£ÝV¡£¡¡Muhrer¡¡¡'Astrology¡¡on¡¡Death¡¡Row'£»¡¡Tbe¡¡Indian¡¡Skeptic¡¡#11£»¡¡pages¡¡13¡19¡£¡¡1989¡£
£Û18£ÝB¡£¡¡R¡£¡¡Forer¡¡¡'The¡¡fallacy¡¡of¡¡personal¡¡validation£º¡¡A¡¡classroom¡¡demonstration¡¡of¡¡gullibility'£»¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡Abnormal¡¡Psychology¡¡#44£»¡¡pages¡¡118¡21¡£¡¡1949¡£
£Û19£ÝP¡£¡¡E¡£¡¡Meehl¡¡¡¡¡'Wanted¡A¡¡good¡¡cookbook'£»¡¡American¡¡Psychologist¡¡#11£»¡¡pages¡¡263¡72¡£¡¡1956¡£
£Û20£ÝD¡£¡¡H¡£¡¡Dickson¡¡&¡¡I¡£¡¡W¡£¡¡Kelly¡¡¡'The¡¡¡¨Barnum¡¡Effect¡¨¡¡in¡¡personality¡¡assessment£º¡¡A¡¡review¡¡of¡¡the¡¡literature'£»¡¡Psychological¡¡Reports¡¡#57£»¡¡pages¡¡367¡82¡£¡¡1985¡£
£Û21£ÝM¡£¡¡Gauquelin¡Dreams¡¡and¡¡iilusions¡¡of¡¡astrology¡£¡¡Glover¡¡&¡¡Blair¡¡Ltd£º¡¡London£»¡¡1979¡£
£Û22£ÝS¡£J¡£¡¡Blackmore¡¡¡'Probability¡¡misjudgment¡¡and¡¡belief¡¡in¡¡the¡¡paranorma£º¡¡A¡¡newspaper¡¡survey'£»¡¡British¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡Psychology¡¡#88£»¡¡pages¡¡683¡9¡£¡¡1997¡£
£Û23£ÝM¡£¡¡Hamilton¡¡¡'Who¡¡believes¡¡in¡¡astrology£¿¡¡Effects¡¡of¡¡favorableness¡¡of¡¡astrology¡¡derived¡¡personality¡¡descriptions¡¡on¡¡acceptance¡¡of¡¡astrology'£»¡¡Personality¡¡and¡¡Individual¡¡Differences¡¡#31£»¡¡pages¡¡895¡902¡£¡¡2001¡£
£Û24£Ý¡¡M¡£¡¡Siffre¡Beyond¡¡Time¡£¡¡McGraw¡Hill£º¡¡New¡¡York£»¡¡1964¡£
£Û25£ÝS¡£¡¡S¡£¡¡Campbell¡¡&¡¡P¡£¡¡J¡£¡¡Murphy¡¡¡'Extraocular¡¡circadian¡¡phototransduction¡¡in¡¡humans'£»¡¡Science¡¡#279£»¡¡page¡¡396¡£¡¡1998¡£¡¡This¡¡finding¡¡has¡¡been¡¡challenged¡¡in¡¡the¡¡following¡¡paper£º¡¡K¡£¡¡P¡£¡¡Wright¡¡&¡¡C¡£¡¡A¡£¡¡Czeisler¡¡¡'Absence¡¡of¡¡circadian¡¡phase¡¡resetting¡¡in¡¡response¡¡to¡¡bright¡¡light¡¡behind¡¡the¡¡knees'£»¡¡Science¡¡#297£»¡¡page¡¡571¡£¡¡2002¡£
£Û26£ÝA¡£¡¡Dudink¡¡¡'Birth¡¡date¡¡and¡¡sporting¡¡success'£»¡¡Nature¡¡#368£»¡¡page¡¡592¡£¡¡1994¡£
£Û27£ÝR¡£¡¡H¡£¡¡Barnsley£»¡¡A¡£¡¡H¡£¡¡Thompson¡¡&¡¡P¡£¡¡E¡£¡¡Barnsley¡¡¡'Hockey¡¡success¡¡and¡¡birthdate£º¡¡The¡¡relative¡¡age¡¡effect'£»¡¡Canadian¡¡Association¡¡for¡¡Health£»¡¡Physical¡¡Education£»¡¡and¡¡Recreation¡¡Journal¡¡#51£»¡¡pages¡¡23¡8¡£¡¡1985¡£
¡ªS¡£¡¡Edwards¡letter¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Editor£»¡¡'Born¡¡too¡¡late¡¡to¡¡win£¿'¡¡Nature¡¡#370£»¡¡page¡¡186¡£¡¡1994¡£
¡ªJ¡£¡¡Musch¡¡&¡¡R¡£¡¡Hay¡¡¡'The¡¡relative¡¡age¡¡effect¡¡in¡¡soccer£º¡¡Cross¡¡¡cultural¡¡evidence¡¡for¡¡a¡¡systematic¡¡discrimination¡¡against¡¡children¡¡born¡¡late¡¡in¡¡the¡¡petition¡¡year'£»¡¡Sociology¡¡of¡¡Sport¡¡Journal¡¡#16£»¡¡pages¡¡54¡64¡£¡¡1999¡£
¡ªA¡£¡¡H¡£¡¡Thompson£»¡¡R¡£¡¡H¡£¡¡Barnsley¡¡&¡¡G¡£¡¡Stebelsky¡¡¡'Born¡¡to¡¡play¡¡ball£º¡¡The¡¡relative¡¡age¡¡effect¡¡and¡¡major¡¡league¡¡baseball'£»¡¡Sociology¡¡of¡¡Sport¡¡Journal¡¡#8£»¡¡pages¡¡146¡51¡£¡¡1991¡£
£Û28£ÝThis¡¡work¡¡is¡¡summarized¡¡in¡¡R¡£¡¡Wiseman¡The¡¡Luck¡¡Factor¡£¡¡Random¡¡House£º¡¡London£»¡¡2004¡£
£Û29£ÝJ¡£¡¡Chotai¡¡&¡¡R¡£¡¡Wiseman¡¡¡'Born¡¡lucky£¿¡¡The¡¡relationship¡¡between¡¡feeling¡¡lucky¡¡and¡¡month¡¡of¡¡birth'£»¡¡Personality¡¡and¡¡Individual¡¡Differences¡¡#39£»¡¡pages¡¡1451¡60¡£¡¡2005¡£
£Û30£ÝJ¡£¡¡Chotai£»¡¡T¡£¡¡Forsgren£»¡¡L¡£¡¡G¡£¡¡Nilsson¡¡&¡¡R¡£¡¡Adolfsson¡¡¡'Season¡¡of¡¡birth¡¡variations¡¡in¡¡the¡¡temperament¡¡and¡¡character¡¡inventory¡¡of¡¡personality¡¡in¡¡a¡¡general¡¡population'£»¡¡Neuropsycbobiology¡¡#44£»¡¡pages¡¡19¡26¡£¡¡2001¡£
£Û31£ÝS¡£¡¡Dickert¡Conlin¡¡&¡¡A¡£¡¡Chandra¡¡¡'Taxes¡¡and¡¡the¡¡timing¡¡of¡¡births'£»¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡Political¡¡Economy¡¡#107£¨1£©£»¡¡pages¡¡161¡77¡£¡¡1999¡£
£Û32£ÝA¡£¡¡A¡£¡¡Harrison£»¡¡N¡£¡¡J¡£¡¡Struthers¡¡&¡¡M¡£¡¡Moore¡¡¡'On¡¡the¡¡conjunction¡¡of¡¡National¡¡Holidays¡¡and¡¡reported¡¡birthdates£º¡¡One¡¡more¡¡path¡¡to¡¡reflected¡¡glory£¿'£»¡¡Social¡¡Psychology¡¡Quarterly¡¡#51£¨4£©£»¡¡pages¡¡365¡70¡£¡¡1988¡£
£Û33£ÝH¡£J¡£¡¡Eysenck¡¡&¡¡D¡£¡¡K¡£¡¡B¡£¡¡Nias¡Astrology£º¡¡Science¡¡or¡¡Superstition£¿¡£¡¡Pelican£º¡¡London£»¡¡1998¡£
£Û34£ÝFor¡¡a¡¡readable¡¡introduction¡¡to¡¡this¡¡controversy£»¡¡see£º¡¡G¡£¡¡Dean¡¡¡'Is¡¡the¡¡Mars¡¡Effect¡¡a¡¡social¡¡effect£¿¡¡A¡¡re¡analysis¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Gauquelin¡¡data¡¡suggests¡¡that¡¡hitherto¡¡baffling¡¡plaary¡¡effects¡¡may¡¡be¡¡simple¡¡social¡¡effects¡¡in¡¡disguise£»'¡¡Skeptical¡¡Inquirer¡¡#26£¨3£©£»¡¡pages¡¡33¡8¡£¡¡2002¡£
¡ªS¡£¡¡Ertel¡¡¡'The¡¡Mars¡¡Effect¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡pinned¡¡on¡¡cheating¡¡parents¡¡¡Follow¡up'£»¡¡Skeptical¡¡Inquirer¡¡#27£¨1£©£»¡¡pages¡¡57¡8¡£¡¡2003¡£
¡ªG¡£¡¡Dean¡¡¡'Response¡¡to¡¡Ertel'£»¡¡Skeptical¡¡Inquirer¡¡#27£¨1£©£»¡¡pages¡¡57¡60£»¡¡65¡£¡¡2003¡£
£Û35£ÝD¡£P¡£¡¡Phillips¡¡&¡¡D¡£¡¡G¡£¡¡Smith¡¡¡'Postponement¡¡of¡¡death¡¡until¡¡symbolically¡¡meaningful¡¡occasions'£»¡¡Journal¡¡of¡¡the¡¡American¡¡Medical¡¡Association¡¡#263£»¡¡pages¡¡1947¡51¡£¡¡1990¡£
£Û36£ÝD¡£¡¡P¡£¡¡Phillips£»¡¡C¡£¡¡A¡£¡¡Van¡¡Voorhees¡¡&¡¡T¡£¡¡E¡£¡¡Ruth¡¡¡'The¡¡birthday£º¡¡Lifeline¡¡or¡¡deadline£¿'¡¡Psychosomatic¡¡Medicine¡¡#54£»¡¡pages¡¡532¡42¡£¡¡1992¡£
£Û37£ÝFor¡¡a¡¡review¡¡of¡¡this¡¡data¡¡and¡¡debate£»¡¡see£º¡¡J¡£¡¡A¡£¡¡Skala¡¡&¡¡K¡£¡¡E¡£¡¡Freedland¡¡¡'Death¡¡takes¡¡a¡¡raincheck'£»¡¡Psychosomatic¡¡Medicine¡¡#66£»¡¡pages¡¡382¡6¡£¡¡2004¡£
£Û38£ÝS¡£A¡£¡¡Everson£»¡¡D¡£¡¡E¡£¡¡Goldberg£»¡¡G¡£¡¡A¡£¡¡Kaplan£»¡¡R¡£¡¡D¡£¡¡Cohen£»¡¡E¡£¡¡Pukkala£»¡¡J¡£¡¡Tuomilehto¡¡&¡¡J¡£¡¡T¡£¡¡Salonen¡¡¡'Hopelessness¡¡and¡¡risk¡¡of¡¡mortality¡¡and¡¡incidence¡¡of¡¡myocardial¡¡infarction¡¡and¡¡cancer'£»¡¡Psychosomatic¡¡Medicine¡¡#58£»¡¡pages¡¡113¡21¡£¡¡1996¡£
£Û39£ÝW¡£¡¡Kopczuk¡¡&¡¡J¡£¡¡Slemrod¡¡¡'Dying¡¡to¡¡save¡¡taxes£º¡¡Evidence¡¡from¡¡estate¡tax¡¡returns¡¡on¡¡the¡¡death¡¡elasticity'£»¡¡Review¡¡of¡¡Economics¡¡and¡¡Statistics¡¡#85£¨2£©£»¡¡pages¡¡256¡65¡£¡¡2003¡£
µÚ2Õ¡¡ÏàÐűðÈË£¬²»¹ý±ðÍüÁËÇÐÅÆ¡ª¡ªÈö»ÑÓëÆÛÆÐÄÀíѧ
£Û1£ÝM¡£D¡£¡¡Morris¡¡¡'Large¡¡scale¡¡deceit£º¡¡Deception¡¡by¡¡captive¡¡elephants£¿'£»¡¡in¡¡R¡£¡¡W¡£¡¡Mitchell¡¡&¡¡N¡£¡¡S¡£¡¡Thompson¡¡£¨eds£©£»¡¡Deception£º¡¡Perspectives¡¡on¡¡human¡¡and¡¡nonhuman¡¡deceit£»¡¡pages¡¡183¡92¡£¡¡State¡¡University¡¡of¡¡New¡¡York¡¡Press£º¡¡New¡¡York£»¡¡1986¡£
£Û2£ÝInformation¡¡about